00579nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113300001200182490000600194100001800200700001400218700001500232700001800247700001800265700001600283856011000299 2006 eng d00aA minimalist barcode can identify a specimen whose DNA is degraded.0 aminimalist barcode can identify a specimen whose DNA is degraded a959-9640 v61 aHajibabaei, M1 aSmith, MA1 aJanzen, DH1 aRodriguez, JJ1 aWhitfield, JB1 aHebert, PDN uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/minimalist-barcode-can-identify-specimen-whose-dna-degraded00472nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300000900204490000900213100001800222856012200240 2006 eng d00aRevision of the Nearctic Species of the Genus Pholetesor Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).0 aRevision of the Nearctic Species of the Genus Pholetesor Mason H a1-940 v11441 aWhitfield, JB uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/revision-nearctic-species-genus-pholetesor-mason-hymenoptera-braconidae00551nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300001200226490000800238100002000246700002400266856013900290 2006 eng d00aCuneogaster, a new genus of the subfamily microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the neotropical region.0 aCuneogaster a new genus of the subfamily microgastrinae Hymenopt a119-1240 v1081 aChoi, Won-Young1 aWhitfield, James, B uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/cuneogaster-new-genus-subfamily-microgastrinae-hymenoptera-braconidae-neotropical-region00483nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001200208490000700220100002200227856012400249 1921 eng d00aA revision of the North American species of ichneumon-flies belonging to the genus Apanteles.0 arevision of the North American species of ichneumonflies belongi a483-5760 v581 aMuesebeck, C, F W uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/revision-north-american-species-ichneumon-flies-belonging-genus-apanteles00502nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300000900226490000700235100002200242856012800264 1922 eng d00aA revision of the North American ichneumon-flies, belonging to the subfamilies Neoneurinae and Microgasterinae.0 arevision of the North American ichneumonflies belonging to the s a1-760 v611 aMuesebeck, C, F W uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/revision-north-american-ichneumon-flies-belonging-subfamilies-neoneurinae-and00440nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001000188490000600198100001500204856011100219 1965 eng d00aA reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).0 areclassification of the tribe Microgasterini Hymenoptera Braconi a1-2840 v21 aNixon, GEJ uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/reclassification-tribe-microgasterini-hymenoptera-braconidae00525nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170300001000239490000800249100001500257856014300272 1981 eng d00aThe polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae.0 apolyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster Hymenoptera Braconidae a1-1470 v1151 aMason, WRM uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/polyphyletic-nature-apanteles-foerster-hymenoptera-braconidae-phylogeny-and-reclassification00544nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001400244490000600258100003000264856014000294 2014 eng d00aTowards the conservation of parasitoid wasp species in Canada: Preliminary assessment of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)0 aTowards the conservation of parasitoid wasp species in Canada Pr a1067-10670 v21 aFernandez-Triana, Jose, L uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/towards-conservation-parasitoid-wasp-species-canada-preliminary-assessment-microgastrinae00577nas a2200109 4500008004100000245016500041210006900206300001400275490000600289100003000295856014200325 2014 eng d00aNew records of Microgaster deductor Nixon, 1968 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for the Holarctic region, with comments on its historical distribution0 aNew records of Microgaster deductor Nixon 1968 Hymenoptera Braco a1040-10400 v21 aFernandez-Triana, Jose, L uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/new-records-microgaster-deductor-nixon-1968-hymenoptera-braconidae-microgastrinae-holarctic00752nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018400041210006900225300001200294490000600306100001800312700002400330700001400354700001500368700001700383700001400400700001800414856013800432 2012 eng d00aExtrapolations from field studies and known faunas converge on dramatically increased estimates of global microgastrine parasitoid wasp species richness (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).0 aExtrapolations from field studies and known faunas converge on d a530-5360 v61 aRodriguez, JJ1 aFernandez-Triana, J1 aSmith, MA1 aJanzen, DH1 aHallwachs, W1 aErwin, TL1 aWhitfield, JB uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/extrapolations-field-studies-and-known-faunas-converge-dramatically-increased-estimates00550nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300000900214490000700223100001400230700001800244700001500262856013900277 2003 eng d00aTaxonomy and natural history of the microgastrine genus Alphomelon Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).0 aTaxonomy and natural history of the microgastrine genus Alphomel a1-410 v121 aDeans, AR1 aWhitfield, JB1 aJanzen, DH uhttps://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/taxonomy-and-natural-history-microgastrine-genus-alphomelon-mason-hymenoptera-braconidae01714nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260000700254300001200261490000800273520106600281100002101347700002701368700001901395700002201414700001601436700002101452856004701473 2012 eng d00aMariapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new genus of Neotropical microgastrine parasitoid wasp discovered through biodiversity inventory0 aMariapanteles Hymenoptera Braconidae a new genus of Neotropical  c07 a61–800 v2083 a

A new genus of microgastrine parasitoid wasps, Mariapanteles Whitfield & Fernández-Triana, gen. n., is described from rain forests of the Neotropics. The new genus is related to the common and speciose genus Pseudapanteles, but can be distinguished from the latter bya complete transverse carina on the propodeum which forks around the spiracles. A molecular analysis based on data from COI from specimens of the proposed new genus plus possibly related genera confirms its generic distinctness. A key to two known species, M. felipei Whitfield, sp. n. (Costa Rica) and M. dapkeyae Fernández-Triana, sp. n. (Brazil) is provided. Evidence from collections suggests that there are other undescribed Neotropical congenerics. Specimens of Mariapanteles were likely confused in the past with the genus Beyarslania (referred to as Xenogaster until recently) but present information suggests that Beyarslania is restricted to the Afrotropical region while the Neotropical species clearly belong to a different genus, which we propose as new.

1 aWhitfield, James1 aFernandez-Triana, Jose1 aJanzen, Daniel1 aHallwachs, Winnie1 aSmith, Alex1 aCardinal, Sophie uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.208.332601713nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260000700222300001200229490000800241520109700249100002701346700002101373700002101394700002201415700001601437700001901453856004701472 2013 eng d00aA review of the New World species of the parasitoid wasp Iconella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae)0 areview of the New World species of the parasitoid wasp Iconella  c08 a65–870 v3213 a

The New World species of Iconella (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) are revised. Iconella andydeansi Fernández-Triana, sp. n., I. canadensis Fernández-Triana, sp. n., and I. jayjayrodriguezae Fernández-Triana, sp. n., are described as new. Iconella isolata (Muesebeck, 1955), stat. r., previously considered as a subspecies of I. etiellae (Viereck, 1911), is here elevated to species rank. All species have different, well defined geographic distributions and hosts. Taxonomic keys are presented in two formats: traditional dichotomous hardcopy versions and links to electronic interactive versions (software Lucid 3.5). Numerous illustrations, computer-generated descriptions, distributional information, host records (mostly Lepidoptera: Crambidae and Pyralidae), and DNA barcodes (where available) are presented for every species. Phylogenetic analyses of the barcoding region of COI indicate the possibility that Iconella is not monophyletic and that the New World species may not form a monophyletic group; more data is needed to resolve this issue.

1 aFernandez-Triana, Jose1 aCardinal, Sophie1 aWhitfield, James1 aHallwachs, Winnie1 aSmith, Alex1 aJanzen, Daniel uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.321.516002091nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000700226300001100233490000700244520163400251100002701885856004501912 2010 eng d00aEight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska0 aEight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae H c10 a1–530 v633 a

Based on the study of 12,000+ specimens, an annotated checklist of 28 genera and 225 species of Microgastrinae braconids from Canada and Alaska is provided, increasing by 50% the number of species for the region. The genera Distatrix, Iconella, Protomicroplitis and Pseudapanteles for Canada, and Diolcogaster for Alaska are recorded for the first time; all but Iconella and Protomicroplitis represent the northernmost extension of their known distribution. Eight new species are described: Apanteles huberi sp. n., A. jenniferae sp. n., A. masmithi sp. n., A. roughleyi sp. n., A. samarshalli sp. n., Distatrix carolinae sp.n., Pseudapanteles gouleti sp. n., and Venanus heberti sp. n. For the more diverse genera, especially Cotesia, Microplitis, Apanteles, Dolichogenidea and Glyptapanteles, many more species are expected to be found. DNA barcode sequences (cytochrome c oxidase I, or CO1) for 3,500+ specimens provided an additional layer of useful data. CO1 sequences were incorporated to the new species descriptions whenever possible, helped to clarify the limits of some species, and flagged cases where further study is needed. Preliminary results on the latitudinal gradient of species/genera richness (45–80° N); as well as biogeographical affinities of the Canadian/Alaska fauna, are discussed. Taking into account the number of specimens in collections still to be studied, data from the barcoded specimens, and extrapolations from Lepidoptera diversity (the host group of the subfamily) the actual diversity of Microgastrinae in the region is estimated to be at least twice that currently known.

1 aFernandez-Triana, Jose uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.56501340nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260000700246300001200253490000800265520080800273100001701081700001601098700002101114856004701135 2014 eng d00aFirst record of the genus Wilkinsonellus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Fiji with description of three new species0 aFirst record of the genus Wilkinsonellus Hymenoptera Braconidae  c04 a25–470 v3973 a

Wilkinsonellus Mason is a relatively small Pantropical genus of braconid parasitoid wasps within the subfamily Microgastrinae. Most of the currently described species are from the Palaeotropics; however, previous records were absent from Fiji. Here, the first three Wilkinsonellus species from Fiji are described: Wilkinsonellus corpustriacolor sp. n., Wilkinsonellus fijienis sp. n. and Wilkinsonellus nescalpura sp. n. The material was collected by Malaise traps set up in a quite variety of ecosystems (wet zone, dry zone and coastal forests) throughout the archipelago. With these records, Fiji represents the easternmost known distribution of the genus in the Indo-Pacific Region. A key to all of the currently known Wilkinsonellus species is included to facilitate species identification.

1 aArias, Diana1 aZhang, Yali1 aWhitfield, James uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.397.719501149nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260000700196300001400203490000700217520069000224100002700914700001800941856004400959 2009 eng d00aRevision of the genus Philoplitis Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae)0 aRevision of the genus Philoplitis Nixon Hymenoptera Braconidae M c09 a285–2980 v203 a

The genus Philoplitis Nixon is revised. Three new species, P. masneri Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n., P. punctatus Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n., and P. striatus Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n. are described, and a key is provided to the World species. The genus, previously known only from the Oriental region, is here recorded from the Afrotropical region. Evidence suggests that its included species are broadly found in rainforest areas of the Old World tropics. Clarification and suggestions about some character states previously used with Philoplitis within the context of Microgastrinae phylogenetic studies are also provided.

1 aFernandez-Triana, Jose1 aGoulet, Henri uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.20.8401115nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260000700269300001200276490000800288520056700296100001400863700001600877700001800893856004600911 2011 eng d00aThe genera Deuterixys Mason, 1981 and Wilkinsonellus Mason, 1981 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China, with description of two new species0 agenera Deuterixys Mason 1981 and Wilkinsonellus Mason 1981 Hymen c07 a27–400 v1203 a

The genus Deuterixys Mason, 1981 of the tribe Cotesiini (Hymenopteran, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) is recorded from China for the first time. Two new species, D. bifossalis Zeng & Chen, sp. n. and D. curticalcar Zeng & Chen, sp. n., are described and illustrated, and a key to the Old World species of Deuterixys is given. Meanwhile, two species Wilkinsonellus paramplus Long & van Achterberg, 2003 and W. tomi Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 of the genus Wilkinsonellus Mason, 1981 are recorded from China for the first time and illustrated.

1 aZeng, Jie1 aHe, Jun-Hua1 aChen, Xue-xin uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.120.89101016nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000700204300001200211490000800223520053200231100001400763700001600777700001800793856004700811 2011 eng d00aThe genus Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China0 agenus Diolcogaster Ashmead 1900 Hymenoptera Braconidae Microgast c09 a49–870 v1293 a

The genus Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenopteran, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China is revised and keyed, with nine new species, namely D. bifurcifossa sp. n., D. brevivena sp. n., D. grammata sp. n., D. ineminens sp. n., D. laetimedia sp. n., D. pluriminitida sp. n., D. praritas sp. n., D. punctatiscutum sp. n. and D. translucida sp. n. described and illustrated, and one species, D. perniciosa (Wilkinson, 1929) recorded for the first time from China. A key to the Chinese species of this genus is provided.

1 aZeng, Jie1 aHe, Jun-Hua1 aChen, Xue-xin uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.120101359nas a2200169 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182260000700251300001200258490000800270520078500278100001701063700002101080700001901101700002201120856004701142 2013 eng d00aThree new species in the genus Wilkinsonellus (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from the Neotropics, and the first host record for the genus0 aThree new species in the genus Wilkinsonellus Braconidae Microga c05 a79–950 v3023 a

The genus Wilkinsonellus Mason is a poorly sampled but widely distributed tropical genus of Microgastrinae (Braconidae), parasitoid wasps that exclusively attack caterpillars (Lepidoptera). Currently, species of Wilkinsonellus have been described only from the Palaeotropics, but the genus was known to occur in the Neotropics. Here we describe the first three species from Central and South America: Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi sp. n., Wilkinsonellus kogui sp. n., and Wilkinsonellus panamaensis sp. n. These species descriptions confirm that Wilkinsonellus is a Pantropical genus. A dichotomous key for the three new Neotropical species is given. The first recorded host for the genus, Microthyris prolongalis (Crambidae), is also reported, for Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi.

1 aArias, Diana1 aWhitfield, James1 aJanzen, Daniel1 aHallwachs, Winnie uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.302.496207275nas a2200277 4500008004100000245019600041210006900237260000700306300001200313490000800325520635900333100002706692700002106719700002506740700001606765700001906781700002206800700002406822700001606846700001606862700001606878700002106894700001806915700001706933856004706950 2014 eng d00aReview of Apanteles sensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica0 aReview of Apanteles sensu stricto Hymenoptera Braconidae Microga c02 a1–5650 v3833 a

More than half a million specimens of wild-caught Lepidoptera caterpillars have been reared for their parasitoids, identified, and DNA barcoded over a period of 34 years (and ongoing) from Area de Conservación de Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. This provides the world’s best location-based dataset for studying the taxonomy and host relationships of caterpillar parasitoids. Among Hymenoptera, Microgastrinae (Braconidae) is the most diverse and commonly encountered parasitoid subfamily, with many hundreds of species delineated to date, almost all undescribed. Here, we reassess the limits of the genus Apanteles sensu stricto, describe 186 new species from 3,200+ parasitized caterpillars of hundreds of ACG Lepidoptera species, and provide keys to all 205 described Apanteles from Mesoamerica –including 19 previously described species in addition to the new species. The Mesoamerican Apanteles are assigned to 32 species-groups, all but two of which are newly defined. Taxonomic keys are presented in two formats: traditional dichotomous print versions and links to electronic interactive versions (software Lucid 3.5). Numerous illustrations, computer-generated descriptions, distributional information, wasp biology, and DNA barcodes (where available) are presented for every species. All morphological terms are detailed and linked to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology website. DNA barcodes (a standard fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene), information on wasp biology (host records, solitary/gregariousness of wasp larvae), ratios of morphological features, and wasp microecological distributions were used to help clarify boundaries between morphologically cryptic species within species-complexes. Because of the high accuracy of host identification for about 80% of the wasp species studied, it was possible to analyze host relationships at a regional level. The ACG species of Apanteles attack mainly species of Hesperiidae, Elachistidae and Crambidae (Lepidoptera). About 90% of the wasp species with known host records seem to be monophagous or oligophagous at some level, parasitizing just one host family and commonly, just one species of caterpillar. Only 15 species (9%) parasitize species in more than one family, and some of these cases are likely to be found to be species complexes. We have used several information sources and techniques (traditional taxonomy, molecular, software-based, biology, and geography) to accelerate the process of finding and describing these new species in a hyperdiverse group such as Apanteles.The following new taxonomic and nomenclatural acts are proposed. Four species previously considered to be Apanteles are transferred to other microgastrine genera: Dolichogenidea hedyleptae (Muesebeck, 1958) comb. n., Dolichogenidea politiventris (Muesebeck, 1958) comb. n., Rhygoplitis sanctivincenti (Ashmead, 1900) comb. n., and Illidops scutellaris (Muesebeck, 1921) comb. rev. One European species that is a secondary homonym to a Mesoamerican species is removed from Apanteles and transferred to another genus: Iconella albinervis (Tobias, 1964) stat. rev. The name Apanteles albinervican Shenefelt, 1972, is an invalid replacement name for Apanteles albinervis (Cameron, 1904) stat. rev., and thus the later name is reinstated as valid. The following 186 species, all in Apanteles and all authored by Fernández-Triana, are described as species nova: adelinamoralesae, adrianachavarriae, adrianaguilarae, adrianguadamuzi, aichagirardae, aidalopezae, albanjimenezi, alejandromasisi, alejandromorai, minorcarmonai, alvarougaldei, federicomatarritai, anabellecordobae, rostermoragai, anamarencoae, anamartinesae, anapiedrae, anariasae, andreacalvoae, angelsolisi, arielopezi, bernardoespinozai, bernyapui, bettymarchenae, bienvenidachavarriae, calixtomoragai, carloscastilloi, carlosguadamuzi, eliethcantillanoae, carlosrodriguezi, carlosviquezi, carloszunigai, carolinacanoae, christianzunigai, cinthiabarrantesae, ciriloumanai, cristianalemani, cynthiacorderoae, deifiliadavilae, dickyui, didiguadamuzi, diegoalpizari, diegotorresi, diniamartinezae, duniagarciae, duvalierbricenoi, edgarjimenezi, edithlopezae, eduardoramirezi, edwinapui, eldarayae, erickduartei, esthercentenoae, eugeniaphilipsae, eulogiosequeira, felipechavarriai, felixcarmonai, fernandochavarriai, flormoralesae, franciscopizarroi, franciscoramirezi, freddyquesadai, freddysalazari, gabrielagutierrezae, garygibsoni, gerardobandoi, gerardosandovali, gladysrojasae, glenriverai, gloriasihezarae, guadaluperodriguezae, guillermopereirai, juanmatai, harryramirezi, hectorsolisi, humbertolopezi, inesolisae, irenecarrilloae, isaacbermudezi, isidrochaconi, isidrovillegasi, ivonnetranae, jairomoyai, javiercontrerasi, javierobandoi, javiersihezari, jesusbrenesi, jesusugaldei, jimmychevezi, johanvargasi, jorgecortesi, jorgehernandezi, josecalvoi, josecortesi, josediazi, josejaramilloi, josemonteroi, joseperezi, joserasi, juanapui, juancarrilloi, juangazoi, juanhernandezi, juanlopezi, juanvictori, juliodiazi, juniorlopezi, keineraragoni, laurahuberae, laurenmoralesae, leninguadamuzi, leonelgarayi, lilliammenae, lisabearssae, luciariosae, luisbrizuelai, luiscanalesi, luiscantillanoi, luisgarciai, luisgaritai, luishernandezi, luislopezi, luisvargasi, manuelarayai, manuelpereirai, manuelriosi, manuelzumbadoi, marcobustosi, marcogonzalezi, marcovenicioi, mariachavarriae mariaguevarae, marialuisariasae, mariamendezae, marianopereirai, mariatorrentesae, sigifredomarini, marisolarroyoae, marisolnavarroae, marvinmendozai, mauriciogurdiani, milenagutierrezae, monicachavarriae, oscarchavesi, osvaldoespinozai, pablotranai, pabloumanai, pablovasquezi, paulaixcamparijae, luzmariaromeroae, petronariosae, randallgarciai, randallmartinezi, raulacevedoi, raulsolorsanoi, wadyobandoi, ricardocaleroi, robertmontanoi, robertoespinozai, robertovargasi, rodrigogamezi, rogerblancoi, rolandoramosi, rolandovegai, ronaldcastroi, ronaldgutierrezi, ronaldmurilloi, ronaldnavarroi, ronaldquirosi, ronaldzunigai, rosibelelizondoae, ruthfrancoae, sergiocascantei, sergioriosi, tiboshartae, vannesabrenesae, minornavarroi, victorbarrantesi, waldymedinai, wilbertharayai, williamcamposi, yeissonchavesi, yilbertalvaradoi, yolandarojasae, hazelcambroneroae, zeneidabolanosae.

1 aFernandez-Triana, Jose1 aWhitfield, James1 aRodriguez, Josephine1 aSmith, Alex1 aJanzen, Daniel1 aHallwachs, Winnie1 aHajibabaei, Mehrdad1 aBurns, John1 aSolis, Alma1 aBrown, John1 aCardinal, Sophie1 aGoulet, Henri1 aHebert, Paul uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418